| 1. Reciprocity |
Noun |
A mutual exchange of privileges or actions. |
Mutuality, Interchange, Give-and-take, Barter |
Unilateralism, Selfishness, Imbalance, One-sidedness |
The two nations agreed to reciprocity in trade deals, lowering tariffs equally. |
| 2. Geopolitical |
Adjective |
Relating to politics influenced by geography and economics. |
Interstate, Territorial, Strategic, Demographical |
Domestic, Internal, Irrelevant, Apathetic |
The canal's control became a major geopolitical flashpoint. |
| 3. Multilateral |
Adjective |
Involving three or more parties or countries. |
Joint, Collaborative, Collective, Cross-border |
Unilateral, Bilateral, Independent, Solo |
The treaty was a multilateral effort to reduce nuclear stockpiles. |
| 4. Coordination |
Noun |
The organization of different elements to work effectively. |
Synchronization, Collaboration, Orchestration, Integration |
Chaos, Disarray, Fragmentation, Disorder |
Poor coordination between agencies led to a delayed emergency response. |
| 5. Precedent |
Noun |
An earlier event or action serving as an example. |
Model, Criterion, Guideline, Standard |
Aftermath, Deviation, Break, Novelty |
The court's ruling set a dangerous precedent for free speech. |
| 6. Stalemate |
Noun |
A situation where no progress is possible because of equal opposition. |
Deadlock, Impasse, Standoff, Gridlock |
Breakthrough, Solution, Agreement, Resolution |
Peace talks ended in a stalemate, with no side willing to concede. |
| 7. Reorganisation |
Noun |
The act of changing the structure or order of something. |
Restructuring, Realignment, Overhaul, Reshuffling |
Stagnation, Stasis, Preservation, Fixity |
The company's reorganisation involved merging three departments. |
| 8. Institutional |
Adjective |
Relating to established systems or organizations. |
Systematic, Structural, Bureaucratic, Organizational |
Ad-hoc, Informal, Personal, Temporary |
Institutional reforms were needed to combat corruption effectively. |
| 9. Capabilities |
Noun (plural) |
The power or ability to do something. |
Competence, Capacity, Wherewithal, Aptitude |
Incompetence, Weakness, Ineptitude, Helplessness |
The nation's cyber defense capabilities were tested in the simulation. |
| 10. Negotiation |
Noun |
Discussion aimed at reaching an agreement. |
Mediation, Bargaining, Arbitration, Dialogue |
Conflict, Disagreement, Impasse, Dispute |
Successful negotiation requires compromise from both sides. |
| 11. Comprehensive |
Adjective |
Complete and including everything necessary. |
Exhaustive, Thorough, All-inclusive, Panoramic |
Partial, Incomplete, Limited, Superficial |
The report provided a comprehensive analysis of climate risks. |
| 12. Legitimacy |
Noun |
The quality of being lawful, valid, and justified. |
Validity, Rightfulness, Authority, Credibility |
Illegitimacy, Fraudulence, Invalidity, Unlawfulness |
The election results were questioned, undermining the government's legitimacy. |
| 13. Censorship |
Noun |
Suppressing speech, books, or media considered harmful. |
Suppression, Expurgation, Blackout, Prior restraint |
Freedom, Expression, Transparency, Dissemination |
Widespread censorship of the internet violated basic liberties. |
| 14. Intimidation |
Noun |
The act of frightening someone to control their actions. |
Coercion, Bullying, Menacing, Harassment |
Encouragement, Reassurance, Support, Empowerment |
Voters reported intimidation at polling stations, discouraging turnout. |
| 15. Detention |
Noun |
The act of holding someone in custody, often for security reasons. |
Incarceration, Custody, Confinement, Imprisonment |
Release, Freedom, Liberation, Emancipation |
He faced indefinite detention without trial, a flagrant injustice. |
| 16. Accountability |
Noun |
The responsibility to explain one's actions and accept consequences. |
Liability, Answerability, Blameworthiness, Culpability |
Impunity, Unaccountability, Immunity, Exemption |
The new law ensures accountability for corporate polluters. |
| 17. Arbitration |
Noun |
Settling a dispute through an impartial third party. |
Adjudication, Mediation, Conciliation, Intervention |
Litigation, Disagreement, Stalemate, Conflict |
Both companies submitted to binding arbitration to avoid a lawsuit. |
| 18. Perpetuate |
Verb (base: perpetuate) |
To cause something to continue indefinitely. |
Sustain, Prolong, Preserve, Bolster |
Discontinue, Halt, Eradicate, Terminate |
The myth was deliberately perpetuated by those in power. |
| 19. Undermine |
Verb (base: undermine) |
To weaken or damage something, often subtly. |
Subvert, Weaken, Impair, Sabotage |
Strengthen, Reinforce, Bolster, Fortify |
False news stories undermine public trust in science. |
| 20. Scrutinise |
Verb (base: scrutinise) |
To examine or inspect very closely and critically. |
Analyze, Dissect, Audit, Inspect |
Skim, Ignore, Overlook, Gloss over |
The committee will scrutinise every line of the budget proposal. |
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